Personal space in children an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Personal space in children by Expert Writer_Jennie | 02 Dec 2016 The term "personal space" is an important social rule. To define it in simple terms, each of us has a virtual circle around us where we feel safe, and if someone crosses into it we become uncomfortable and feel inconvenient. Most children implicitly sense when they enter someone else's personal space and when theirs is crossed. The child might forcefully invade its peer's space, oblivious to how it makes them feel. And this could cause the child to be rejected by peers and have difficulty making friends. Or the child's inability to recognize when its own personal space has been invaded could potentially make him vulnerable to inappropriate conduct. Need essay sample on "Personal space in children" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed On recognizing their own personal space children also acquire a sense of property. Within their personal space, children recognize certain objects as theirs, and they defend them from others. This sense of property is natural and only through training do they learn that they cannot have all the things they want even though they belong to someone else, and that many things must be shared. Learning to respect other peoples property means, for children, growing up to be social animals, who accept certain rules in order to be able to live in a group, whether it is the family, the street, school, or the village. Data from approximately 500 children in grades 3-10 on a personal space task were integrated into 4 sex-age groups and separately analyzed depending on certain factors. Findings were that girls have similar personal space schemata across grade level but that patterns were more highly schematized for older girls. These spatial patterns were obviously more determined by the emotional tone of the interaction than the sex of the stimulus figures. Boys evidenced development of spatial schemata across age. Older boys had more clear-cut personal space patterns, whereas younger boys apparently responded to situation-specific cues. Males were more likely to have schemata based on the stimulus figure's sex. Findings were consonant with knowledge of social development and appropriate sex-role identification. Works Cited Bass, M.H. Personal Space in Children a Developmental Study(microfilm). Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1971. Print. "Personal Space: A Social Skill Children Need and Adults Can Teach." MSU Extension. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2016. Vranic, Andrea. "Personal Space in Physically Abused Children." Environment & Behavior 35.4 (2003): 550-65. Web.

buy custom Division of Health and Human Development essay

buy custom Division of Health and Human Development essay Although health indicators show remarkable improvement among the general populations of Americans, minority groups of Asian and African-American descent still face challenges posed by the heavy burden of preventable diseases, disabilities and deaths. In several studies carried out, it emerges that African-American people are more vulnerable to cancerous diseases than other persons of different races. Heart disease is also a serious cause of death among the different minority populations. Also, white women who are less vulnerable to obesity and overweight than their colleagues from minority populations are less prone to diabetic ailments. In this little piece of writing, I wish to examine the Cultural Beliefs held by the minority groups which may be a major contributor to their numerous health woes. In light of the perceptible health disparity that negatively impacts on the lives of many American citizens in the ethnic and racial minority, preventive measures have been attempted and still require to be put in place and be implemented in earnest so as to assure the affected groups of a meaningful life. With respect to this cause, and in order to effectively deal with the matter, a thorough scrutiny of the way these people live and their general perception of health matters if fundamental. In essence, the culture plays a major role in anchoring many pracices that may be the major contributors of the existing impasse. Indeed, there are various cultural beliefs that the people hold so dear yet they play a role in sustenance of the health disparity problem. One unfortunate practice that has always been perpetuated by a large proportion of the minority population is paucity of commitment to immunization programs. It is estimated that about thirty per cent of African-American adults are less likely to have been immunized against the major diseases that are too strong for the bodys natural immune system. Such individuals remain vulnerable to diseases that would have effectively been prevented at an early age. In another observation in 2003, sixty nine per cent of older white persons received influenza vaccines compared to the low forty nine per cent and forty seven per cent of older African-American and Hispanic adults, respectively (Department of Health Human Services 2007). Besides, the issue of poor child care is a common issue which brings about high infant mortality rates among the minority groups. For instance, infant mortality rate for African-American mothers with over thirteen years of education was almost three times that of the non-Hispanic White mothers in 2005. The implication of this is the lack of emphasis on utilization of modern prenatal, post-natal and antenatal care on tthe part of the African-American mothers as compared to their non-Hispanic white colleagues. In fact, African-American mothers were two and a half times as likely as non-Hispanic white mothers to begin prenatal care in the third trimester, or even completely fail to receive it (Census Bureau 2008). It is also notable that most of the persons belonging to the minority groups do not practice general healthy living in terms of what they eat. They rely heavily on junk foods that only make them susceptible to different kinds of diseases such obesity and overweight. Crime is also rampant in most of the areas inhabited by the minority groups and the youths are most affected. With such forces in play, health indicators like life expectancy would definitely their unprecedented lows. In simple terms, the health disparity that exists among different American racial and ethnic groups is determined largely by the lifestyles embraced by each one. However, educative measures and sound policies are necessary weapons in the fight against such an enormous war against health disparity in order to guarantee all Americans of health living. It lies in the hands of all the stakeholders in the Health Sector to make an effort to ensure that affected individuals are conformant to the modern ways of living and health practices that guarantee better health for all. Buy custom Division of Health and Human Development essay

Mindmapping Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mindmapping Business - Essay Example This fact alone sheds light on the interconnected nature of the proceeding mind maps presented within this analysis. 2: Groups and Teams Of special interest to this author within the above mind map is the level to which collaboration is fostered and develops both institutionally and once the group or team has been established. As the mind map illustrates, teams themselves are not all created equal. Traditional teams, self managed teams, and virtual teams all have their unique drawbacks and strengths. However, the level of collaboration and strength of the process is especially compounded within the virtual team as team members do not have the same sense of combined mission/goal and are somehow less able to empathize with the shared sacrifice for a desired result. (Sarker, 2003). Because of this, not all teams and groups are created equal. Investor/shareholder buy-in and the realization of the group as a greater whole must be realized before positive action is likely to take place. 3: Motivation Stress and Decision Making What was of interest to this author was that after creating this mind map, it was plainly clear that the break down in conflict resolution alls stems from three salient points that are housed within the emotions, personal beliefs, and experience of the individual; specifically his/her needs, wants, and desires (Gagne/Deci, 2005). As such, even though the literature provided offered solid and reasoned approaches to diffusing conflict and working towards an amicable resolution in nearly every case, the unknown variable is again the individual. As each and every employee (or group) involved in a situation of conflict will necessarily have their own needs, wants, and desires, it becomes increasingly difficult to find a suitable resolution dependent upon this fact. In a sense, this has to be ignored in favor of instilling attributes organization-wide that work to prevent individuals towards reverting to selfish need gratification on a personal level and work to esteem the company/organization’s needs, wants, and desires first. 4: Organization What was most interesting in the mind map above was the level to which organizational culture can be the detriment of any positive growth. Products will remain unchanged; ways in which organizations handle stress will remain unchanged and the overall strength of the entity will come into question (Erickson/Gratton, 2007). 5: The Individual as Part of the Organization I chose to perform this mind map last as it is the heart of all of the mind maps and is best understood as the final product in the assignment. Because the individual lies at the very heart of each of the previous mind maps, understanding the functional motivations, psychology, beliefs, needs, and process management of the individual is of vital importance (Bernstein et al, 2008). Although not specifically discussed in the readings, the idea and the old dictum that states, â€Å"Perception is reality† is especia lly noteworthy in this mind map. As one can notice from a careful review, information gathering and decision making leads to sensing and feeling. Likewise, perceiving and judgment lead to thinking and intuition. What is of special interest concerning this is that within each of these components, an individual’

Beowulf from the perspective of Grendel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beowulf from the perspective of Grendel - Essay Example In fact, a typical feature of anglo-Saxon mythology is that it has either positive of negative attitude to its protagonist. It means that protagonist can be either ideal or far from ideal. I will suggest making Grendel a modern hero with both positive and negative sides of his character. It must be noted that in the original story of Beowulf his character is far from ideal. For example, there are frequent cases when Grendel fails to express moral power to accept reality as it is. Failure to do that leads Grendel to attack God for being so cruel with him: â€Å"Grendels attack with terror of blades† (Greenfield). The accusation like this is primarily reasoned by the fact that Grendel is a monster with a big brain and big heart. He wants love, but is fully confident of the fact that he will be alone for the rest of his life simply because it is God who decided to make him look like a monster. The negative attitude to God finally motivates Grendel’s turning to evil. I think this craving is natural for a creature who is deprived of love. Still, there is no way to deny that Grendel continues to love God. The only problem about Grendel is that he continues to crave for evil due to his moral instability and lack of inner power. I made this little psychological retrospect with one single objective – to show reader a real Grendel and to give Beofulf a modernist perspective. Grendel’s pshychological stance can be best perceived with the help of Aristotle’s teaching which taught a person that human psychological downfall is rooted in moral flaws located inside an individual. Grendel’s problem can be explained with the help of Aristotelian framework. According to Aristotelian framework, there is no way for a person to be perfect. However, ancient Anglo-Saxon people had different attitude towards reality. They are either idealized the main protagonist or presented him like an even being. There was now something in the

The uses of sonar in medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The uses of sonar in medicine - Essay Example In 2D ultrasound technology alone, many improvements have occurred with reference to resolution, image quality, range of indications and availability. In 3-D scanning, the sound waves are sent in different angles and a sophisticated computer program is used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional volume image using the reflected echoes, thus allowing one to gauge not only the height and width of the organs but also the depth. 3D ultrasound has applications in cardiovascular scanning also. The technology allows quantification of the volume of the plaque and direct visualization of arterial atherosclerosis. 3D ultrasound has has applications in interventional sonology, both in operative interventions and minimally invasive procedures. Therapeutic applications include lithotripsy, tumor ablation, acoustic targeted drug delivery, phacoemulsification, cleaning of teeth, sclerotherapy, lipectomy and elastography. Thus, sonar has wide range application in medical field. Introduction Sonar, commonly known as ultrasound, is a cyclic sound pressure delivered at a frequency that is much above the upper limit of hearing of human beings. Sound waves above 20 kilohertz fall into this category. Sonar is applied for several uses in many fields including medicine. In medicine, sonar is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and is called ultrasound. The method of diagnosis is known as ultrasonography. There are 2 types of sonography, 2D and 3D. 2D is more commonly used. It has has several therapeutic applications. 2D ultrasound is useful to visualize tendons, muscles and many internal organs in order to capture the size, structure and pathological lesions through real time tomographic images. In 2D ultrasound technology alone, many improvements have occurred with reference to resolution, image quality, range of indications and availability. In 3-D scanning, the sound waves are sent in different angles and a sophisticated computer program is used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional volume image using the reflected echoes, thus allowing one

Economic Impact Of Marijuana Legalization Economics Essay

Economic Impact Of Marijuana Legalization Economics Essay Drug dealers in America have mastered the concept of supply and demand. They have identified their target audience and are doing an incredible job at keeping competition down. They rapidly work towards a monopoly in their respective areas. They even keep ahead of the game by obtaining the best product at the lowest price before hiking up the price to potential buyers. They are running an underground gold mine and the government hasnt been getting a penny of the proceeds. In fact, the government and taxpayers spend between 20 and 25 billion dollars a year (Osler, 2012), on prosecuting dealers and incarcerating those who possess marijuana. But facts are facts and this is how America works. It may be for this reason that voters in Washington and Colorado decided to legalize marijuana. On November 7, 2012, state legislators in both Washington and Colorado passed an initiative and an amendment, respectively, to allow for the possession, distribution, and private recreational use of cannabis. From an economic perspective, there would be numerous benefits to legalizing marijuana. The states expect to see a rapid decline in arrests for marijuana possession, saving money from the reduced need for law enforcement for marijuana prohibition. This proves to potentially save Colorado alone an average of $40.1 million, (Stiffler, 2012), in costs associated with incarceration. Not only will the economic impact of legalization of marijuana help save the government on law enforcement expenses, but it will also encompass the possibility of large sums of revenue from the market supply and demand of the newly legalized product, generating an impressive profit from sales tax. As a new industry emerges within the workforce, desperately needed employment opportunities will arise across the country, stimulating the economy by initially providing 4,200 new jobs (Fottrell, 2012). It will also help upsurge our Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as more goods will be produced and retailed. The economic impact of the legalization of marijuana covers many aspects of the economy. In Mark Oslers U.S. Should Honor States New Pot Laws CNN.com, Osler discusses the conflict that arises from a state passing a law that contradicts a federal law. He examines the sides of both the proponents and opponents to the federal government cracking down on drug use in Colorado and Washington. Osler goes in depth about how the federalists support the States and want the government to leave them alone to govern their states how they choose, and how the moralists would like to see the federal government enforce the federal narcotics laws despite the voters decisions in the states. The article also analyses how harder drugs deliver a lesser punishment than more minor drugs and how drug laws in the past have done little to permanently curb drug use. Amendment 64 would produce $60 million in new revenue and savings for Colorado, by Christopher Stiffler, presents a systematic approach to how the government will benefit from the passing of the amendment. The article discusses the various ways that the legalization of marijuana will positively affect the economy and also describes in detail the how tax revenue will be generated and utilized to benefit Colorado. Stiffler also focuses on the details of the amendment itself and how a shift in governmental thinking can save millions of taxpayer dollars. Quentin Fottrells How to Invest in Legalized Marijuana, describes the rapidly growing market demand for marijuana and marijuana related products. He gives descriptions of several marijuana centered companies and offers his opinion on the direction of the economy. Fottrell also mentions how the marijuana market is spreading over to other industries and explains the benefits and pitfalls of investing in marijuana related stock. Unperturbed Puffery, by B.A., is an article that focuses on the likelihood of the Obama administration to enforce federal laws in Colorado and Washington. B.A. takes a strong stance on the issue and sides with the federalists who prefer a hands-off approach from the federal government. The articles examines the costs related to incarcerating people with marijuana related charges and concludes with mentioning how the government should have more important issues to tend to than marijuana possession. Mike Moffatts Would Marijuana Legalization Increase the Demand for Marijuana?, answers a readers question about the demand for marijuana if it becomes legal. Moffatt consults the experts to form an opinion on the issue. The experts seem to believe overall that demand will increase unless the price goes up too much, in which case it will stay the same. The article also mentions how the legalization of the drug may have the opposite effect because the allure of marijuana comes in part from the fact that it is illegal. Moffatt also looks at other countries experiences with the legalization of marijuana and concludes that legal or not, people will continue to use it. Should Governments Legalize and Tax Marijuana? by Mike Moffatt discusses the economics of drug dealers and compares their profits to potential profits that the government could make by legalizing marijuana. He breaks down the profit percentage from street sales and considers a shift from street profit to governmental tax revenues. Moffatt also considers the health of the consumers and educational benefits that can arise from the legalization of marijuana. C. Whitakers The Economic Effects of Legalizing Marijuana, takes a look at the business aspect of legalizing marijuana. The article discusses how the underground business can become legal and even how former underground drug dealers can get off welfare and become legal entrepreneurs. Whitaker also examines the economic impact of the marijuana and how a lowered price would allow for funds to be spent elsewhere in the economy. Whitaker claims in the article that the legalization of marijuana will help put an end to poverty by creating business opportunity for drug pushers and will also save money for prisons everywhere. As stated before, the economic impact of illegal marijuana comes at an expense to us all. This expense is obtained from the costs associated with cracking down on those who are buying and selling drugs, prosecuting them in the courts, and providing food and shelter for them in jail cells. According to Mark Osler, the amount that has gone towards these efforts has been between 20 and 25 billion dollars a year for the past decade (Osler, 2012). When breaking these figures down, it is revealed that, 12.4% of federal prisoners convicted on drug charges were locked up for marijuana offenses. Thats about 11,630 people, at an average cost of $25,500 to $26,000 per person per year (B.A., 2012). Multiplying these figures yields a result of more than 290 million spent annually on jailing inmates, at the federal level, who were caught with marijuana. In the grand scheme of things, this is quite a sum of money that could be allocated towards other things. A reporter for The Economist says that, Prosecuting people for marijuana offenses is a waste of resources (B.A., 2012). The reporters sentiment is understood based on the fact that, Four out of Five of the 1.64 million people arrested for drug violations were accused of possession, and half of those arrests were for carrying what were often very small amounts of marijuana (Osler, 2012). When comparing the effects of marijuana, a schedule 1 narcotic, and the effects of cocaine and opium, schedule 2 narcotics (less offensive), (Osler, 2012), it makes little sense that a substance that has no known scientific death toll, cancer causing side effects, or even evidence of being an addictive substance should cause so many people to be put behind bars at tax payers expense. This is one reason why voters have decided to make marijuana legal in Washington and Colorado. The expense of police in Colorado alone shows substantial potential governmental savings. According to Christopher Stiffler and Colorados direct budget costs for enforcing marijuana prohibition, $40.1 million is spent annually enforcing marijuana prohibition, (Stiffler, 2012). This is seen in the chart below, (Stiffler 2012). Colorados direct budget costs for enforcing marijuana prohibition Agency Total spending Percent spent enforcing prohibition Amount spent enforcing prohibition Police $82,676,491 4.41 $3,646,033 Judicial $340,243,578 7 $23,817,050 Corrections $634,934,029 2 $12,698,681 Total $40.1 million As explained on a state and national level, legalizing marijuana has a very positive effect on the police expense, potentially creating a notable amount of revenue from savings alone. Not only are expenses a detriment from illegal marijuana; but forgone profit is a negative effect as well. An economist named Stephen T. Easton conducted a study using data from Canada to calculate the amount of tax revenue that legalizing marijuana could bring to the government (Moffatt, 2012). The study showed that the average price of .5 grams of marijuana sold for $8.60 on the street with a production cost of only $1.70. (Moffatt, 2012) These figures would amount to a $6.90 profit for drug dealers. Any survivor of an ECON 5003 course would know that with a profit like this, competition would be intense. What keeps these drug dealers with a local monopoly is the fact that the possession and distribution of marijuana is illegal and subject to serious jail time. This risk factor is what keeps others from trying to get in on the action. This also keeps supply restricted and demand high for the product, leaving drug dealers with hefty profits at the expense of the government. Now that marijuana has been legalized, it is expected that the demand for marijuana will increase. With the risk factor gone, far more people will engage in recreational activities involving marijuana. Drug dealers will no longer make as much profit due to the fact that anyone can potentially sell marijuana. With a larger supply, the prices from the once exclusive drug market will drop drastically resulting in a price much closer to the cost of production. With marijuana being legal, there will be government run distributers who will, based on basic supply and demand modules, offer the drug at a much lower base price. However, because marijuana will be closely regulated much like tobacco and alcohol, the taxes from licensing and distribution will drive the total purchase price up and revenue will rival that of current day drug dealers. When transferring the profit once enjoyed by drug dealers to the U.S. government in the form of taxes and distribution costs, and leaving transportation and marketing issues behind, the government would end up with revenue of $7 per .5 grams of marijuana, (Moffatt, 2012) With the collection of tax on each marijuana cigarette and again leaving transportation and marketing issues behind, this adds up to over a $2 billion profit, (Moffatt, 2012). Without the legalization of marijuana, the street price of marijuana will stay the same because there is a very limited and risky to purchase supply. The distributors or drug dealers enjoy a relatively stable quantity demanded because of this unchanging price. Now that marijuana has been legalized, the demand will increase due to the fact that consumers no longer have a risk in purchasing marijuana. Looking at a supply demand curve, Figure 1 shows the effect that legalizing marijuana would have. With the demand curve increasing in order to stay with equilibrium, the price equilibrium would increase. Figure 1: Effect of Legalizing Marijuana Although legalizing marijuana has great potential of increasing tax revenue, a sense of morality is likely to appear due to the perceived negative effect of health throughout the population. With this in mind the government can either decrease consumption by raising taxes or increase it by dropping taxes. Figure 2 shows the effect if taxes are increased and consumption of marijuana is decreased. Figure 2: Increase in Marijuana Tax As shown by the graph, if marijuana taxes are increased, the supply curve would shift to the left. The quantity supplied would decrease from Q*1 to Q*2. This shift in supply changes the equilibrium from E1 to E2 and the price is increased from P*1 to P*2. Increasing taxes too much can have a negative effect because if taxes get too high marijuana growers will want to sell in the black market to avoid the high taxes. In addition to law enforcement expenses and forgone profit, another aspect that illegal marijuana hinders is the emergence of a new industry and job opportunities across America. With the legalization of marijuana comes a plethora of career options and job opportunities. Also, those who were previously victims of incarceration from the distribution of cannabis can now possibly start a legal profitable business. One such business that has already taken off is the medical marijuana industry. According to Quentin Fottrell from Market Watch, the medical marijuana industry is, estimated to be worth about $1.7 billion as of 2011, (Fottrell, 2012). In Colorado alone, sales topped $181 million in 2010, and the business employed 4,200 state-licensed workers, (Fottrell, 2012). The new marijuana industry spans from medical producers, to agricultural-equipment firms, dispensaries, vaporizers, and even edible goods. Producers are now able to ship the drugs out to the customers, as drug trafficking is no longer be illegal. This is one of the many ways new jobs are being created. The marijuana industry will also raise our Gross Domestic Product because it can be grown and sold here in the USA. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Illicit drugs accounted for 1% of the worlds GDP, (Whitaker, 2009). One percent doesnt sound like much at all, but this 1% is higher than 88% of all countries GDPs in the world (Whitaker, 2009). People participating in the marijuana industry would not only have a stable source of income, but also a legal source that would be taxed. From the consumers perspective, the legalization of marijuana could mean lower prices. Since there will be countless ways for purchasing legal marijuana, more competition will arise which will result in decreased prices for the consumer. Consumers will no longer have to pay such a high price resulting in an increase in their available funds that they can invest, putting money directly back into the economy. The newly legalized marijuana market also creates investment opportunities. Medbox (OTN:MDBX) [has] an OTC stock with a $45 million market cap, (Fottrell, 2012). Medical Marijuana (OTN:MJNA), [has] an OTC stock with a $69 million market cap, (Fottrell, 2012). And Cannabis Science in Colorado Springs, Colo. (OTN;CBIS), [has] an OTC stock with a $41 million market cap, (Fottrell, 2012). These new investment opportunities encourage investors to feed into the economy and stimulate the free market. As old products are losing ground, this new market is rapidly gaining appeal and helping the economy every step of the way. In conclusion, the legalization of marijuana brings up an interesting opportunity for the government.   If they become the suppliers of the good, they can produce on the true supply or marginal cost curve and then replace the cost of arresting and fighting dealers with marijuana revenue. A great deal of tax payer money goes into catching those who buy or sell illegal drugs on the black market, prosecuting them in court, and housing them in jail. These costs seem particularly exorbitant when dealing with the drug marijuana, as it is widely used, and is likely no more harmful than currently legal drugs such as tobacco and alcohol. When looking at marijuanas effect on the economy as a whole, the positive and lucrative impact cannot be ignored. From the creation of new job opportunities, to the abundant new supply of revenue, and even the savings incurred from removing prohibition, it is clear that the economic impact created by the legalization of marijuana is beneficial to us all.

How to make Paper :: essays research papers

Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the compression of fibres. The fibers used are usually natural and based upon cellulose. The most common material is wood pulp from pulpwood (largely softwood) trees such as spruces, but other vegetable fiber materials including cotton, linen, and hemp may be used. A stack of 500 sheets of paper is called a ream. The edges of paper sheets can act as very sharp razors, leading to paper cuts. Manufacture Whether done by hand or with a Fourdrinier Machine, the paper making process has four simple steps: Preparation of the fibres The material to be used for making paper is first converted into pulp, a concentrated mixture of fibers suspended in liquid. As many of these fibres are derived from natural sources, this process often requires many stages of separation and washing. Once the fibers have been extracted, they may also be bleached or dyed to alter the appearance of the final product. Forming into sheets The pulp mixture is then further diluted with water resulting in a very thin slurry. This dilute slurry is drained through a fine-mesh moving screen to form a fibrous web. A watermark may be impressed into the paper at this stage of the process. This moving web is pressed and dried into a continuous sheet of paper. In the case of the mould process, a quantity of the pulp is placed into a form, with a wire-mesh base (or other draining device), so that the fibres are left coated on the mesh and excess water can drain away. At this time, pressure may be applied to remove more water through a squeezing action. The paper may then be removed from the mould, wet or dry, and go on to further processing. Most mass-produced paper is made using a continuous (Fourdrinier) process to form a reel or web. When dried, this continuous web may be cut into rectangular sheets by slitting the web vertically and then cutting it horizontally to the desired length. Standard sheet sizes are prescribed by governing bodies such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Further additives Raw paper that contains only pressed and dried pulp is very absorbent (for example, blotting paper), and does not provide a good surface upon which to write or print. Thus, a huge variety of additives are employed to add desired properties to the paper. These are applied in a coating called the size. Sizing agents are often polymers designed to provide a better printing surface.

Justified and Ancient by Simon Lewis

Is he on a vacation backpacking across the globe spending his rich father's money or is the only reason for his tourism the drug deal? Is he going back to Delhi or all the way back to England? Since he has both a girlfriend with potential wife-status and a child to take care of at home my guess is the last possibility – he is simply a rug dealer buying incredibly low-prized cannabis in India for re-selling in his home country. His statement at p. 2 1. 70 is obviously pointing in that direction: â€Å"My Job? Re, I don't really have one as such. † Ironically enough, Lee is filled with self-congratulation as he leaves the village.Overwhelmed with compassion he has given the children the gooey biscuits he himself described as revolting and unpalatable. Maybe he does not consider the fact that he refuses to give the children something that would actually help them: rupees. Money, he earlier referred to as â€Å"Joke money'. Instead he uncompromisingly shoes he child away w ith a â€Å"No! Don't touch me, you shouldn't touch! † Lee seems to be an egoistic, ignorant and unpleasant figure from what we are described – and is possibly supposed to symbolize the typical western tourist.Though we are not given a lot of information about the village people, they seem shy and reserved. Lee makes no two- way communication with any other than the president and one of the kids for a brief moment. It might be that Lee considers the village people naive and ignorant, but as the story surprisingly twists in the end, all is turned upside down, and it is obvious that Lee has underestimated the president. He has not fooled the president – it is he himself who have been deceived. An ancient, proud chieftain is not the obvious one to suspect for depraved actions.As he may seem proud and honorable on the outside, the president is the exact opposite on the inside. At the end of the story we are suddenly having another perspective – that of the wo man leading her donkey to the village. She entrusts us with the president's secret: â€Å"Sometimes the president and his slimy friend Punned got drunk and talked more than they should in the presence of the women. The president was a shrewd man, and under him the village ad prospered, but he was a man without honor. † (p. 4-5 1. 158-163) The president has actually prostituted himself and given up all his pride and honor for money.The president cooperates with Ram, the police commissioner, who gives him money in return for information about tourists like Lee. In this way the president can profit from his unfortunate customers buying cannabis and receive money from the police at the same time – and he does not at all seem to care about the people he may harm in the progress. Suddenly the gesture of trust on page 4 1. 123 seems more as a scorn tan anything else. Lee Is nothing more out a Oarlock In ten pralines game, Ana It quickly becomes uncertain who to sympathize wit h.At first it was the president: The proud chieftain of an ancient village thinking he made a good deal with another tourist, but at last it is the poor Lee that is the victim: And he will suffer his deeds. â€Å"She knew that Ram and the bullies he used as deputies would be getting drunk now, and when the foreigner came down they would greet him, smiling, and Ram would laugh taping his tick wooden cane against his leg† (p. 5 1. 165) It is here that the title becomes paradoxical. Lee may have been greedy and disrespectful but does he deserve to get beat up?Lee is a man with a girlfriend and, to a certain extinct, a child at home both depending on his financial success – is it a Justified laugh that bursts from the president's mouth and follows Lee down to the foot of the mountain? I do not think it is. The chieftain has become Just as grasping and greedy as any western president. And from where has those influences emerged? The boy with the Walkway bobbing his head up and down (in what seems as a prayer but very remarkably is not) â€Å"karaoke's† the phrase: â€Å"We are Justified and ancient.And we drive an ice cream VA-an† from Kills single â€Å"Justified and ancient†. This is a very good clue for interpreting the title. Given that the phrase â€Å"Justified and ancient† does not only refer to the president but to all of the people living in the village, a more general view is set on the story. The village may be Justified due to the western influences that have had negative influence on their society and their culture. To combine the word Justified with the more concrete word ancient does not normally seem irrational.After reading this short story it does though – because the ancient village with the old president represents something honorable, sacred and proud: Values that have been destroyed by western society – it is now all about materialism and money. The president does seem proud to have flour ished the old culture, surviving the civilization below them from the mountain summit – but he wants more than Just doctor visits and he has broken the traditional way of behaving in the village. Whether or not the village people are (the president is) Justified or not is a discussable topic – a topic that provokes us to think the term Justification over.

Ch.8 9 Questions Answers Essay Example

Ch.8 9 Questions Answers Essay Example Ch.8 9 Questions Answers Paper Ch.8 9 Questions Answers Paper A fault is. Faults are fractures in Earth where movement has occurred An earthquakes epicenter is. Is the location on the surface directly above the focus When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called Focus. The point within Earth where the earthquake starts is called the focus Earthquakes are usually associated with. Earthquakes are usually associated with large fractures in Earths crust and mantle called faults What causes earthquakes? Earthquake occur due to the release of built-up energy Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to great forces? Elastic energy stored in rocks During an earthquake, the ground surface. Can move in any direction The adjustments of material that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquake called Aftershock Major earthquakes are sometimes preceded by smaller earthquakes called Foreshocks The slow continuous movement that occurs along some fault zones is referred to as Creep The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 occurred along what fault? San Andreas Fault Which seismic waves travel most rapidly? P waves travel most rapidly. What is true about P waves? P waves are push-pull waves-they push and pull the rocks in the direction the waves travel. Overall, which seismic waves are the most destructive? The surface waves are the most destructive, because surface waves move in an up-down, side to side motion. What is the minimum number of seismic stations that is needed to determine the location of an earthquakes epicenter? Three An earthquakes magnitude is a measure of the size of the size of the seismic waves or the amount of energy released at the source of the earthquake What instrument records earthquake waves? Seismographs How much of an increase in wave amplitude is seen from an earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter scale compared to one measuring 4.4? 10 times greater A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine earthquake is called a(n). Tsunami In areas where unconsolidated sediments are saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid through a process.. Liquidfaction Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rocks on slopes to fail and cause a. Landslides Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires? The fires started when gas and electrical lines were cut. Long-range earthquake forecasts are based on the idea that earthquakes are.. Repetitive What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere? Crust and uppermost mantle Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted? Outer core, because it is liquid Earths core is made of an alloy of. Iron-nickel alloy Wegeners continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to form. A single supercontinent The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called. Pangaea In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided into Plates and plates can be made up of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. A tectonic plate consists of Crust and uppermost mantle A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a. Rift valley What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate? Convergent boundaries Give an example of a transform fault boundary? San Andreas Fault New ocean crust is formed at Divergent boundaries What occurs when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates? This process results in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor (seafloor spreading) The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary? Continental (convergent boundary) Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary? Oceanic (convergent boundaries)

franchie business Essay

franchie business Essay franchie business Essay ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FRANCHISHING An entrepreneur can wish to set up a new independent business and try to win customers and be successful. An alternative is to buy into an existing business and acquire the right to use an existing business idea. This is called franchising. Opening a franchise is usually less risky than setting up as an independent retailer. The franchisee is adopting a proven business model and selling a well-known product in a new local branch. For example subway is the biggest franchisor (who sells the right to use the business idea in a location). The franchising a very good business to be involved in, however it comes with its pros and cons. One of the main advantages of franchising is working under a well-known brand name such as subway has great benefits for franchisee. You can also save time and energy by not worrying about generating publicity to raise the awareness (advertising) of the business – customers will know what to expect from a big chain. Having an established market means the business will pick up really quick start making money easily .Franchisee don’t have to worry much about competition as the business is already world-known. Another advantage is that like an independent business owner, the franchisee won’t be left alone. The franchisor will give you advice and training programmes and they will give financial help the start of the business. The increased security and reliability of a large firm behind you means that banks will often offer you substantial loans to aid your start-up costs. On the other hand it also has its disadvantage, the initial and continuing fees: Franchisors will charge new franchisees a fee to start-up a business using their brand name. Although this can be under  £1,000, the amount varies greatly according to the franchisor. Furthermore Franchisors will take a regular slice of your takings as royalty fees also the payment of the employees has been

Instructional Design and Program Evaluation Essay

Instructional Design and Program Evaluation - Essay Example A review of the literature in online learning revealed critical strategies for effective teaching practices (Palloff & Pratt, 1999 & 2000; Graham, C., Kursat. C., Byung-Ro, L., et al.   2001; Lewis, L., Farris, E., Snow, K., & Levine, D. 1999; Candiotti & Clarke, 1998; Schrum & Berge, 1998; Ladon, E. H., 2002). According to the literature, an effective instructor should focus on many factors in order to create a successful online learning environment. The following are instructor characteristics that are synthesized from the aforementioned scholars: accept the value of facilitated learning as equal to that of the traditional model; demonstrate a broad base of life experiences in addition to academic credentials; possess characteristics of openness, concern, flexibility, and sincerity; feel comfortable communicating in writing; want to introduce critical thinking into the learning process; possess the appropriate credentials to teach the subject matter; be experienced and well train ed in online learning; demonstrate a very rich, active, respectful and responsive style of communication; provide a safe climate; invite input regarding the goals and agenda of the course; establish a sense of community among the learners; keep students aware of where they stand with respect to the course evaluation process; assess student learning without using tests requiring memorization; be online nearly every day; create places in an online environment where students can ask for help.... Revisions, however, are limited to delivery method and teaching strategies. The below, reviewing empirical and theoretical literature on online learning, contains a set of recommendations designed to enhance the learning experience and facilitate student's understanding. 3 Online Learning A review of the literature in online learning revealed critical strategies for effective teaching practices (Palloff & Pratt, 1999 & 2000; Graham, C., Kursat. C., Byung-Ro, L., et al. 2001; Lewis, L., Farris, E., Snow, K., & Levine, D. 1999; Candiotti & Clarke, 1998; Schrum & Berge, 1998; Ladon, E. H., 2002). According to the literature, an effective instructor should focus on many factors in order to create a successful online learning environment. The following are instructor characteristics that are synthesized from the aforementioned scholars: accept the value of facilitated learning as equal to that of the traditional model; demonstrate a broad base of life experiences in addition to academic credentials; possess characteristics of openness, concern, flexibility, and sincerity; feel comfortable communicating in writing; want to introduce critical thinking into the learning process; possess the appropriate credentials to teach the subject matter; be experienced and well trained i n online learning; demonstrate a very rich, active, respectful and responsive style of communication; provide a safe climate; invite input regarding the goals and agenda of the course; establish a sense of community among the learners; keep students aware of where they stand with respect to the course evaluation process; assess student learning without using tests requiring memorization; be online nearly every day; provide two types

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human resource - Essay Example This report highlights the perils of using the appraisal as a control device. Managers, in today’s organisations, require the need to ensure employees are focused on meeting corporate goals and attaining goals related to their individual job roles. Policy is generally the tool of choice to ensure compliance, created to act as a guideline for improving or managing employee behaviour. Managerial controls are best managed through in-house policy creation and should never include the performance appraisal as a means to guarantee compliance. In progressive organisations, the performance appraisal is created as a tool to monitor employee job function, unique contribution, and assess the overall learning capabilities of employees. Abraham Maslow, a famous 20th century psychologist, created the Hierarchy of Needs which describes employee motivations in order to help them become a more well-rounded employee. This model describes basic human needs to include security, belonging and self-esteem as needs that must be fulfilled in order to become high-performing business contributors. â€Å"The satisfaction of the need for esteem produces feelings of self-confidence, prestige, power and control. Individuals feel useful when they feel they have some sort of effect on their environment† (Gambrel & Cianci, 2003, p.144). Self-esteem development is paramount for today’s human resource managers, as it is the determinant of how employees view themselves and their role within the organisation. It is because of these needs that the performance appraisal has been developed, helping employees to uncover their many talents and give them a tool for feedback as a means to improve self-esteem. Employees, at the most basic needs level, need reinforcement to give them guidance about their performance, their peer or manager relationships, and to help them understand which weaknesses require change or improvement. The appraisal acts as a feedback mechanism that provides